#include < iostream >

using namespace std;

int t,l,r,x,ans;

int main(){

scanf("%d",&t);

while(t--){

scanf("%d%d",&l,&r);

ans=0;x=1;

while(x<=r){

x*=2;

ans++;

}

x/=2;

ans--;

printf("%d\n",ans);

}

return 0;

}

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> 
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        long long l, r;
        cin >> l >> r;
        long long max_score = static_cast<long long>(log2(r));
        cout << max_score << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}