codeforces#P1864C. Divisor Chain

    ID: 34024 远端评测题 1000ms 256MiB 尝试: 1 已通过: 1 难度: 10 上传者: 标签>bitmasksconstructive algorithmsmathnumber theory

Divisor Chain

Description

You are given an integer $x$. Your task is to reduce $x$ to $1$.

To do that, you can do the following operation:

  • select a divisor $d$ of $x$, then change $x$ to $x-d$, i.e. reduce $x$ by $d$. (We say that $d$ is a divisor of $x$ if $d$ is an positive integer and there exists an integer $q$ such that $x = d \cdot q$.)

There is an additional constraint: you cannot select the same value of $d$ more than twice.

For example, for $x=5$, the following scheme is invalid because $1$ is selected more than twice: $5\xrightarrow{-1}4\xrightarrow{-1}3\xrightarrow{-1}2\xrightarrow{-1}1$. The following scheme is however a valid one: $5\xrightarrow{-1}4\xrightarrow{-2}2\xrightarrow{-1}1$.

Output any scheme which reduces $x$ to $1$ with at most $1000$ operations. It can be proved that such a scheme always exists.

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases $t$ ($1 \le t \le 1000$). The description of the test cases follows.

The only line of each test case contains a single integer $x$ ($2\le x \le 10^{9}$).

For each test case, output two lines.

The first line should contain an integer $k$ ($1 \le k \le 1001$).

The next line should contain $k$ integers $a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_k$, which satisfy the following:

  • $a_1=x$;
  • $a_k=1$;
  • for each $2 \le i \le k$, the value $(a_{i-1}-a_i)$ is a divisor of $a_{i-1}$. Each number may occur as a divisor at most twice.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases $t$ ($1 \le t \le 1000$). The description of the test cases follows.

The only line of each test case contains a single integer $x$ ($2\le x \le 10^{9}$).

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

The first line should contain an integer $k$ ($1 \le k \le 1001$).

The next line should contain $k$ integers $a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_k$, which satisfy the following:

  • $a_1=x$;
  • $a_k=1$;
  • for each $2 \le i \le k$, the value $(a_{i-1}-a_i)$ is a divisor of $a_{i-1}$. Each number may occur as a divisor at most twice.
3
3
5
14
3
3 2 1
4
5 4 2 1
6
14 12 6 3 2 1

Note

In the first test case, we use the following scheme: $3\xrightarrow{-1}2\xrightarrow{-1}1$.

In the second test case, we use the following scheme: $5\xrightarrow{-1}4\xrightarrow{-2}2\xrightarrow{-1}1$.

In the third test case, we use the following scheme: $14\xrightarrow{-2}12\xrightarrow{-6}6\xrightarrow{-3}3\xrightarrow{-1}2\xrightarrow{-1}1$.